http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/5 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 07:06:34 GMT 2026-04-23T07:06:34Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1459 Title: The impact of the gender policy in a higher education institution in Mozambique: the case study of the University Eduardo Mondlane Authors: Magaua, Natália Helena Abstract: The aim of this thesis was to analyze the impact of the implementation of the Gender Policy at the University Eduardo Mondlane. For this purpose I conducted a qualitative study, gathering original empirical data through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and individual interviews. My research participants were University Council members, Gender Unit employees, gender focal points, and selected academic community members (postgraduate students, administrative staff, and lecturers). These participants were purposively selected based on their presumed knowledge of the subject of study. I conducted thematic analyses on 13 individual interviews with University Council members, four focus group discussions (two with the Gender Unit employees and two with Gender Focal Points), and 27 questionnaires applied to selected members of the UEM academic community. Overall, my findings show that the Gender Policy has been unsystematically implemented at UEM for a variety of reasons that emerge from my data Fri, 18 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1459 2023-08-18T00:00:00Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1182 Title: Integrated heritage management as an avenue for sustainability: the example of rescue archaeology in Mozambique Authors: Madime, Omar da Conceição Paulo Abstract: Este trabalho analisa a estrutura e o sistema de gestão das atividades de resgate arqueológico em Moçambique com o objetivo de sugerir alterações que melhor atendam à gestão do Patrimônio Cultural e ao alinhamento com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Moçambique. O estudo detalhado sobre a política de gestão do patrimônio cultural e de resgate arqueológico em Moçambique e a comparação com países vizinhos, com base em entrevistas e análises de políticas, demonstra que a arqueologia de resgate precisa ser desenvolvida e profissionalizada. Esta não é apenas uma atividade acadêmica, mas também oferece oportunidades de emprego para jovens arqueólogos e gestores do patrimônio cultural. Como demonstrado aqui, essa abordagem também permite a incorporação do engajamento comunitário. Para que a pesquisa arqueológica seja eficaz, ela deve utilizar procedimentos e boas práticas e aplicar os mesmos protocolos metodológicos em todo o país, por exemplo, implementar o mesmo cadastro de sítios para sítios arqueológicos, culturais e históricos, e utilizar os "mesmos critérios" para classificações e avaliação de risco de sítios. Ao aplicar a abordagem do patrimônio biocultural e os procedimentos dos princípios FAIR and CARE, defendo que a arqueologia de resgate e outras atividades de gestão do patrimônio cultural em Moçambique, para serem sustentáveis, devem ampliar os atores envolvidos no processo. O processo de pesquisa deve incorporar diferentes partes interessadas em vários níveis sociais, agregar seus conhecimentos e reconhecer seus direitos, poderes de controle e interesses. Combinar ações de gestão do patrimônio cultural com a gestão do patrimônio natural, da paisagem e da biodiversidade e de meios de subsistência sustentáveis. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1182 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1090 Title: Gestão da imagem de destinos turísticos (in)seguros: implicações da perceção de risco na imagem de Moçambique Authors: Abdula, Mariamo Amade Abstract: A segurança é um pilar crucial no turismo, afetando o comportamento dos visitantes e o desenvolvimento da indústria turística. Epidemias, desastres naturais, instabilidade política e terrorismo impactam negativamente o turismo, reduzindo visitantes, investimentos e empregos. Nesse contexto, a importância da imagem de um destino nunca foi tão crucial. A presente tese de doutoramento aborda a gestão da imagem de destinos turísticos (in)seguros, com foco na influência da perceção de risco na imagem de Moçambique como destino turístico. O turismo é uma indústria importante para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico de Moçambique, e a sua imagem desempenha um papel fundamental na atração de visitantes, principalmente de visitantes internacionais. Contudo, a perceção de riscos associada à segurança, saúde e estabilidade política pode afetar negativamente a imagem do país e, consequentemente, a intenção comportamental dos visitantes. O objetivo desta tese é de analisar o papel da perceção de risco e da imagem do destino na perceção global do destino e na intenção comportamental do visitante e potencial visitante internacional, considerando também os fatores que antecedem essas perceções. A abordagem metodológica mista sequencial explicativa envolveu um inquérito por questionário (n=457) e uma análise de comentários selecionados na plataforma TripAdvisor (n=506). Os dados foram analisados separadamente, utilizando técnicas específicas de análise para cada fase, seguida de uma interpretação conjunta dos resultados. Os resultados da pesquisa quantitativa revelam seis dimensões de risco percebido, agrupando 29 situações de risco avaliadas em uma escala de Likert (1= muito improvável a 7=muito provável), com uma avaliação média da perceção de risco global de 3,5 (1=muito baixo a 7=muito alto). Quanto à perceção da imagem, foram identificadas seis dimensões da imagem, agrupando 33 atributos avaliados em uma escala de Likert (1=discordo completamente a 7=concordo completamente), com uma avaliação média da perceção da imagem global do destino de 4,7 (1=muito negativa e 7=muito positiva). Além disso, os resultados indicam que os riscos de saúde, comunicação e alojamento são os que mais afetam negativamente a perceção da imagem global do destino. Tanto a perceção de risco como da imagem são influenciadas por uma combinação de fatores internos e externos. As consequências dessas perceções foram medidas pelas intenções de visitar/revisitar e recomendar o destino, sendo que a perceção do risco influencia negativamente a intenção comportamental, enquanto a imagem do destino influencia positivamente a intenção comportamental. Os resultados qualitativos reforçam os quantitativos, destacando as questões relacionadas com infraestruturas, serviços básicos e ambientes político e económico como tendo maiores impactes negativos na perceção da imagem do destino. Este estudo enfatiza a importância de realçar os aspetos positivos e gerir os aspetos negativos de um destino, fornecendo informações específicas sobre a perceção de risco e da imagem, cruciais para o sucesso de estratégias de gestão da imagem. Description: Programa Doutoral em Turismo Thu, 01 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/1090 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/904 Title: Availability and safety in use of drugs in vulnerable populations: the case of pregnant women in developing countries Authors: Sevene, Esperança Abstract: Research involving human subjects must be performed with standards that promote protection of their rights. Several codes were developed and all are unanimous in the following ethic principles: respect for persons, beneficence and justice. The fulfilment of these principles will assure that the dignity, rights, safety and well-being of the participants in a biomedical research are guaranteed. The need of a special protection to those with diminished autonomy is a common requirement to all codes. Pregnant women are defined as a vulnerable population because of the potential risk of harm of the foetus. Apart from the foetal risk, pregnant women in developing countries have additional potential for vulnerability, as in most of the cases they are economically or/and educationally disadvantaged individuals. Their generally low level of education may put them in a difficult situation to fully understand consent forms and the risk-benefit assessment provided by the researchers. In recent years, the evidence-based medicine has been an important international goal. Mechanisms to support the use of research-based evidence in developing health policy are being promoted. The research must be sensitive to the potential for vulnerability when designing evidence-based trials and they have to assure that the vulnerable population are being protected. 13With the intention to protect the vulnerable population, some groups such as pregnant women have being traditionally excluded from clinical trials. As a result of this exclusion, pregnant women are being exposed to medicines in situations where no evidence-based information is available on efficacy and safety. They are deprived of the benefits of treatment in order to be protected themselves and their offspring from an unknown risk. Although is very clear that protection of a vulnerable population, particularly the pregnant women, is mandatory in the design of any trial, the challenges of the implementation of this principle should be taken into account in order to not increase the gap between the introduction of a pharmaceutical product in the market and the availability of safety information for its use in pregnancy. In developing countries maternal mortality is an important public health problem. Most maternal deaths occur in the poorest countries particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Mozambique the rate could be between 408-1000 per 100 000 live births according to the source of information. Several studies have addressed different causes of maternal mortality in Africa, eclampsia and malaria being part of the five most reported. There is strong evidence of the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate (MGSO4) in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia but the drug is not available in some countries. The example of MgSO4 has 14being used to describe failure in translating results of research into policy and/or practice. For malaria treatment few drugs were considered effective and safe for use during pregnancy including chloroquine, sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine and quinine. The information on safety comes from a long experience of use. The emergency of resistance of P. falciparum to these drugs is limiting its use in most of endemic areas. The artemisinin derivatives are being strongly recommended to be used in combination with other antimalarial drugs. Preclinical studies have consistently shown that artemisinin and its derivatives are embryolethal and teratogenic in animals. Current available information is not adequate to extrapolate the results in animals to humans. Limited data on the safety profile of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy is a challenge. Nowadays these drugs are used in pregnant women based on retrospective cumulative risk-benefit assessment. Mechanisms of prospectively monitoring the drugs use are required to protect pregnant women from the potential risk. The aim of this thesis is to describe the (un)availability of drugs and their reasons, as well as, the (un)availability of safety information on drugs needed to be used during pregnancy in Southern Africa, and to propose mechanisms to effectively monitor drug safety in pregnancy in developing countries. 15In order to achieve this objective four studies were performed. In the first study a qualitative case-study based on interviews and bibliographic review was performed in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Factors affecting the (un)availability of MgSO4 were assessed. This study showed that research evidence regarding the effectiveness of MgSO4 for the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, was widely known in the study countries. However, the registration, approval, acquisition and distribution of MgSO4, and hence its availability to clinicians, was affected by market and systems failures. With this study we concluded that the low cost of magnesium sulphate, as well as the mechanisms through which it is procured, means that market forces alone cannot be relied upon to ensure its availability. Governments and international organizations must be prepared to intervene to ensure the wide availability of low cost, effective drugs critical to improving public health in Africa. The second and the third studies shown that antimalarial drugs are being used in pregnant women even without information on its safety profile in this particular group. Robust safety monitoring systems are clearly needed in developing countries to accompany the deployment of new drugs, especially those with a potential teratogenic risk. The fourth study showed that spontaneous reporting system may be a tool for drug safety monitoring. This system could be used to increase health care providers’ and patients’ awareness of possible 16ADRs, and to develop a culture to report these reactions. Spontaneous reporting and pregnancy registries were presented as examples of mechanisms that could and should be in place. Recommendations on how these systems could be effectively implemented in resource constrained countries were also presented. All these studies suggest that the definition of vulnerability of pregnant women in developing countries should not be restricted to the potential risk of harm of the foetus (harm-based definition) or to the difficulty of fully understanding consent forms (consent-based definitions). Women are also vulnerable because of the high risk of dying from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy. The implementation of these ethic principles need to take into account the urgent need to implement effective and safe drugs targeted to reduce the burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.repositorio.uem.mz/handle258/904 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z